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Maslama al-Majriti or Abu al-Qasim al-Qurtubi al-Majriti ((アラビア語:أبو القاسم مسلمة بن أحمد المجريطي), (ラテン語:Methilem)) (Madrid, c. 950 – Córdoba, 1007) was a Muslim astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist and Scholar in Islamic Spain. He took part in the translation of Ptolemy's ''Planispherium'', improved existing translations of the ''Almagest'', introduced and improved the astronomical tables of al-Khwarizmi, aided historians by working out tables to convert Persian dates to Hijri years, and introduced the techniques of surveying and triangulation. He was among the most brilliant of Spanish Muslims during the reign of Al-Hakam II. According to Şā'id ibn Ahmad Andalusī he was the best mathematician and astronomer of his time (in Al-Andalus).〔 He also introduced new surveying methods by working closely with his colleague Ibn al-Saffar. He also wrote a book on taxation and the economy of Al-Andalus.〔 He edited and made changes to the parts of the ''Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Sincerity'' when the encyclopaedia arrived in Al-Andalus〔H. Kahane et al. 'Picatrix and the talismans', in ''Romance Philology'', xix, 1966, p 575; E.J. Holmyard, 'Maslama al-Majriti and the Rutba 'l-Hakim', in ''Isis'', vi, 1924, p 294.〕〔One recent study suggests that the authorship of this work should be attributed to Maslama b. Qasim al-Qurtubi (d. 353/964). See Maribel Fierro, 'Bāṭinism in Al-Andalus. Maslama b. Qāsim al-Qurṭubī (d. 353/964), Author of the "Rutbat al- Ḥakīm" and the "Ghāyat al-Ḥakīm (Picatrix)"', in ''Studia Islamica'', No. 84, (1996), pp. 87-112〕 Al-Majriti also predicted a futuristic process of scientific interchange and the advent of networks for scientific communication. He built a school of Astronomy and Mathematics and marked the beginning of organized scientific research in Al-Andalus. Among his students were Ibn al-Saffar, Abu al-Salt and Al-Tartushi.〔 ==Pseudo-Majriti== From his date of death, inconsistencies result in the dating of two influential works in early chemistry attributed to him,〔 as either they were published long after his death, or they were the work of someone else claiming some of his glory: the latter is the current general belief. The two works are the "Sage's Step/The Rank of the Wise" ("Rutbat al-hakim", ?1009) and the "Aim of the Wise" ("Ghayat al-hakim"). Both were translated into Latin, in a version somewhat bowdlerised by Christian dogma, in 1252 on the orders of King Alfonso X of Castile; the original Arabic text dates probably from the middle of the eleventh century. The Rutbat includes alchemical formulae and instructions for purification of precious metals, and was also the first to note the principle of conservation of mass, which he did in the course of his pathbreaking experiment on mercuric oxide:
The Ghayat is more concerned with advanced esotericism, principally astrology and talismanic magic, although he also goes into prophecy. The author considers this the advanced level of work, occasionally referring to the Rutbat as the foundation text. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maslama al-Majriti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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